Influence of the femoral head size on early postoperative gait restoration after total hip arthroplasty

Background We investigated the effects of using large-diameter femoral heads in total hip prostheses on eady postoperative gait restoration in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We collected data for 19 primary THAs using 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene heads (conventional group) and for 12 THAs (BHR group) using metal-on-metal femoral heads with an average size of 45 mm (range, 40-49 mm). All patients had unilateral femoral head avascular necrosis. All patients underwent Harris Hip Scores evaluation and gait analysis with the IDEEA device at the same 3 time points which were before surgery and then at 1 month and again at 3 months after surgery, and the parameters measured were walking speed, stride length (SL), single limb support (SLS), cycle duration (CD), and swing power (SP). Harris Hip Scores and gait analysis parameters for both groups were compared.Results Intraclass comparison indicated that Harris Hip Scores, speed scores, and gait parameter measures in both groups improved significantly with the passage of time; Interclass comparison showed no significance between Harris1m postop - Harrispreop and Harris3m postop- Harrispreop in both groups. The speed in the BHR group at 1 month and at 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of conventional group. At 1 month after surgery, each mean for SLnormal-SLaffected, (SLSnormal - SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffocted in the BHR group was significantly lower than that for the conventional group. At 3 months after surgery, the differences between means for both groups for SLnormal - SLaffected.(SLSnormal- SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffected were not significant, but the mean of SPnormal - SPaffected in the BHR group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group.Conclusions Our data suggest that large-diameter femoral heads in THA provide better early gait restoration than conventional-size femoral heads.     

Role of hylan G-F 20 in treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joint

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of hylan G-F 20 in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint. DESIGN: Prospective within-group study. SETTING: Musculoskeletal rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two patients (25 hips) with hip joint OA who had failed to find pain relief from conservative methods such as physical therapy, exercises, and steroid injections. Demographics included 14 men and 11 women (mean age, 56.4y), 21 of whom had mild to moderate OA and 4 of whom had severe OA of the hips. INTERVENTION: Each hip joint was injected with 2mL of hylan G-F 20 at 2, 3, and 4 weeks and fluoroscopic lavage with 100mL of normal saline at week 1. All patients had standard hip exercise regimen after the injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Lower Limb Core Scale score and visual numeric pain score. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, the AAOS Lower Limb Core Scale score improved from a preinjection mean of 44.2 to a follow-up mean of 86.1 (P<.05). The mean visual numeric pain score improved from a preinjection mean of 8.7 (range, 6.4-10) to a follow-up mean of 2.3 (range, 0-7.2). The overall success rate was 84%. In patients with mild to moderate OA, the mean pain score decreased from a preinjection value of 7.8 to a follow-up value of 1.7. The success rate was 90.5% in that subgroup. In patients with severe OA, the mean pain score decreased from a preinjection value of 9.1 to a follow-up value of 3.8. The success rate was 50% in that subgroup. There were no complications related to the injection. CONCLUSION: Use of hylan G-F 20 injection is a viable option for treatment of mild to moderate OA of the hip joint.     

Patient and caregiver outcomes 12 months after home-based therapy for hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of early discharge and home-based therapy with conventional hospital rehabilitation on patient and caregiver outcomes at 12 months after hip fracture. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Acute and subacute care with follow-up in a community setting in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-six older adults admitted to acute care after hip fracture who were assessed as needing rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible patients were randomized to either home-based (n=34) or hospital (n=32) rehabilitation. Patients assigned to the home-based group were discharged home within 48 hours of randomization. Patients assigned to hospital rehabilitation received usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modified Barthel Index (MBI), timed up and go (TUG) test, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Caregiver Strain Index. RESULTS: At 12 months, 56 of 66 (85%) participants were available for follow-up assessment. Both groups achieved significant improvements in MBI and TUG test scores. Patients in both groups had a significant decline in the physical score of the SF-36 and there were no differences between groups. Caregivers of patients allocated to receive home-based therapy reported a reduction in burden after 12 months. Over that period, there was a significant reduction in the burden for caregivers of those patients who received home rehabilitation (P=.020). CONCLUSION: For patients who were previously functionally independent and living in the community, early return home with increased involvement of caregivers after hip fracture resulted in similar patient outcomes (home vs hospital) and less caregiver burden at 12 months.     

Dual Hip Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: Geometry and Effect of Physical Activity

The objectives of this study were to (1) obtain both femoral neck strength (FNS) and hip axis length (HAL) values from left and right femurs (regardless of hip dominance) measured by DXA and evaluate their relationship with BMD of all hip regions including total hip, (2) determine if there is a difference between dominant and nondominant hip BMD in any of the hip regions, and (3) determine how physical activity influences hip BMD. Participants were 136, generally healthy Caucasian women (57.4–88.6 years). BMD was measured by DPX-MD. Past and present activity was assessed by the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey for older adults and normal/brisk walking pace was measured in a straight hallway. FNS analysis uses femoral geometry to calculate stresses at the femoral neck for two loading conditions: Safety Factor Index (SF) indicates risk of fracture for forces generated during a one-legged stance, and Fall Index (FI) indicates risk of fracture for forces generated during a fall on the greater trochanter. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictive ability of HAL, SF, and FI for respective hip BMD values. There was no statistical difference in BMD between two hips in any of the measured regions, however, the nondominant hip correlated better with other skeletal sites. Subjects with a faster normal walking speed had higher neck BMD in the nondominant hip, 0.832 ± 0.12 vs. 0.791 ± 0.10 g/cm² (P < 0.05). Longer HAL of the left hip was negatively related to neck, trochanter, shaft, and total hip BMD. FI was significantly associated with all sites of the hip BMD, while SF was associated only with neck and wards BMC (P < 0.05). In summary: (1) a longer HAL is associated with lower BMD and a higher FI with higher BMD, (2) it might be sufficient to measure BMD in only the nondominant hip, and (3) walking at a faster pace may positively benefit femoral neck BMD. Therefore, it appears that HAL, SF, and FI all play important roles in estimating fracture risk and should be assessed along with BMD when using DXA.     

One-stage revision surgery to treat hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding compression screw

Introduction Extracapsular hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding hip screw (SCS) is uncommon and a convincing treatment method has not yet been reported in the literature.Patients and methods Thirteen consecutive patients who sustained such a disability were treated with removal of SCS, local radical debridement, vancomycin powder with or without gentamicin solution application, re-insertion of a new SCS, and autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Postoperatively, ambulation with regulated weight bearing was encouraged as early as possible. Infectious microorganisms in 76% (10/13) of the lesion sites were oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ORSA).Results Twelve patients were followed-up for at least 2 years (range, 2~6 years; median, 4 years) and all nonunions healed. The union rate was 100% (12/12) with a median union period of 4 months (range, 3~6 months). No wound infection recurred at the last follow-up. The satisfactory rate of hip function was 92% (11/12, P<0.001).Conclusions We, therefore, recommend this surgical procedure to treat all patients with a similar disability because of its high success rate and low complication rate.     

Hip fractures among older people: do marital status and type of residence matter?

This study analysed the extent to which civil status and type of residence affect the risk of elderly people sustaining a hip fracture. The study population consisted of all residents, aged 65 years or older, living in Stockholm County in Sweden between the years 1993 and 1995 (about 250,000 in total). Cases of hip fractures in the County's outpatient register (1993-1995) were linked to national registers, enabling injured people to be attributed a marital status (during year of injury), and also a size of dwelling and form of residential entitlement (in 1990). Gender-specific injury rates for three age groups were computed, as were age-standardized odds ratios (ORs) by gender for each variable of interest. As expected, hip fractures were found to rise with age among both men and women, and the risk of women sustaining such injuries was higher than that of men for all age groups. The proportion of injured men and women was higher among the unmarried than the married, and the majority of the injured were in rented accommodation (in all three age groups). The age-standardized ORs showed that the risk of hip fracture was substantially affected by civil (marital) status, but form of residential entitlement and size of dwelling did not affect the risk to any remarkable extent. The study demonstrates that being unmarried increases the risk of hip fracture among older men and women. This suggests that elderly unpartnered people may have a different daily-life pattern and may be in poorer health, both of which may be associated with a diminished social network.     

后外侧单切口入路微创全髋关节置换术的临床报告

目的:报告后外侧入路微创全髋关节置换术的可行性和初步疗效。方法:自2002年8月至2005年8月,采用后外侧入路微创技术完成21例全髋置换术。结果:手术切口7.5cm~12cm,平均8cm;手术时间50分钟~90分钟,平均65分钟;术中出血量200ml~500ml,平均270ml;术后均放负压引流,24小时平均引流量100ml~350ml,(平均150ml)。平均随访时间2.5年(1年~4年),未发生全身及局部并发症。结论:后外侧入路单切口微创行全髋关节置换具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是值得推荐的微创全髋关节置换技术。     

B超筛查疑似儿童髋关节脱位

目的探讨B超检查儿童髋关节脱位的功效和应用范围。方法2005年4月～2006年2月筛查疑似髋关节脱位儿童720例，予以出生史、家族史、其他畸形等危险因素评估，双侧髋关节B超检查。结果13个髋关节Ortolani和Barlow试验检查阳性，占0．9％。5例有家族史的儿童中1例出现髋关节异常。16例儿童至少有一侧异常髋关节超声表现，占2．2％。α角值在8周前后差异有统计学意义（t=5．438，P〈0．001）。结论选择性髋关节超声筛查是一种安全、有效的诊断方法，8周以后进行髋关节超声检查的准确率会增高，假阳性率也会逐步减小。     

Tavares改良骨盆截骨术治疗儿童重度发育性髋关节脱位

目的 介绍、应用Tavares改良骨盆截骨术治疗儿童重度发育性髋关节脱位。方法 2000年1月-2005年6月用Tavares改良骨盆截骨术治疗儿童（2岁4个月～5岁10月）重度发育性髋关节脱位23例，术中作以下改良：①自髂前下棘上方至坐骨切迹前方数毫米处作与髋关节囊平行的弧形截骨，向外、下翻转截骨远端并造成坐骨切迹处青枝骨折；②截骨远端翻转后留下的空隙用自体股骨或（和）同种冻干皮质骨加自体髂骨植入。术后随访13～36个月。结果 23例中术后15例出现患侧闭孔较健侧变小，股骨头复位成功率100％。术前髋臼指数35°～50°，平均38°，术后髋臼指数10°～25°，平均18°，最后随访时的髋臼指数较术后最大增加3°。术后CE角20°～48°，平均32°。植入同种冻干皮质骨形态1年后X线片上基本消失。按Mckay标准评定关节功能：优18髋，良4髋，可1髋。按Severia标准评定X线表现：优16髋，良5髋，可2髋。结论 Tavares改良骨盆截骨术兼有Pemberton关节囊周围髋臼成形术和Salter髂骨截骨术的特征，是治疗年龄小于6岁儿童重度发育性髋关节脱位较理想的术式。同种冻干皮质骨植入增加了植骨的质和量，使已矫正的髋臼指向和髋臼指数得到很好的维持。     

发育性髋发育不良髋臼病理变化的实验研究

目的通过动物模型，探讨发育性髋发育不良髋臼的病理变化。方法21只新西兰兔，左膝关节伸直位管型石膏固定制作出髋臼发育不良或半脱位模型，右侧作为对照。按照石膏固定和模型出现的时间将实验动物分为A（4周）、B（6周）、C（8周）三组。测量X线片Sharp角及臼头指数，观察髋臼软骨的组织学变化，比较组间及组内各项指标是否存在显著性差异。结果A组出现髋臼发育不良6例，全脱位型1例；B组出现髋臼发育不良6例，全脱位型2例；C组6例全部为髋臼发育不良。结果比较显示，实验侧Sharp角均比对照侧增大（P〈0．01），A、B组实验侧臼头指数均比对照侧减小，差异有统计性意义（P〈0．05），但C组间无差异。随着固定时间的延长，各组间实验侧的Sharp角相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。组织学观察显示髋发育不良的髋臼软骨厚度明显变薄，软骨细胞排列紊乱，且有局灶性软骨细胞聚集或者退化的改变。而全脱位型的髋臼软骨则表现为厚度显著增加。结论发育性髋发育不良表现为一个渐进性的病理过程。体位因素影响髋臼的发育和病理改变，但这种影响具有个体差异，且可能仅作用于髋关节发育的某个阶段。